As with other hybrids, a plug-in hybrid vehicle has the ability to run on either electricity or an internal combustion engine. Plug-in hybrids have a larger battery than the batteries of conventional hybrids that can be recharged by plugging into an appropriate outlet.

Recharged vehicles can provide 20-60 miles of all electric, zero emission range without engine power. Plug-in hybrids are being tested in prototype form and may soon be available for sale.

Advantages of Plug-in Hybrids:

• Reduced fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions
• Cleaner electric energy through advances in natural gas and coal gasification
• Optimized fuel efficiency and performance
• Recovered energy from regenerative braking
• Unchanged gas station infrastructure
• Grid connection potential
• "Home based" battery recharging at a fraction of the cost of petroleum equivalent
• Pure zero emission capability
• Even lower fueling costs compared to battery sustaining hybrids
• Possible use in secondary markets for used batteries and reduced waste

Challenges:

• Cost and complexity of two powertrains
• Component availability--batteries, powertrains, power electronics
• Higher initial cost
• Cost of batteries and battery replacement
• Added weight