One of the best ways to protect against winter car trouble is to be certain your battery is fully charged and in proper working condition. "When the temperature drops to near zero, the number of calls AAA receives from stranded motorists soars," said George Giek, Director of AAA Automotive Engineering. "The most common cause of these cold-weather breakdowns is weak or dead batteries."

Some clubs experienced up to four times the normal emergency road service call volume during last winter's most severe cold snaps. Motorists should closely monitor the condition of the vehicle's battery, especially batteries more than two years old.

"Although batteries can carry warranties of four years or more, a warranty is no guarantee an older battery will continue to work in severe weather," Giek said.

The most common sign of a weak battery is an unusual sound coming from the starter motor when the ignition key is turned, indicating difficulty in turning over the engine.

If the vehicle is difficult to start, check that battery connections are tight and no corrosion is present on the battery terminal. To remove corrosion, use an old tooth brush to clean the cable connectors and terminals with a solution of baking soda and water.

Next, inspect the tension of all drive belts. They should flex no more than one-half inch. Also, If the battery's fluid level can be checked, make certain the fluid covers the battery plates.

If no problems are found and the vehicle is still difficult to start, drive to a service station or auto parts store to have the battery and charging system tested and, if necessary, replaced.

In addition to weak or dead batteries, starting problems can be caused by malfunctioning alternators or starter motors. A qualified repair facility can make an accurate diagnosis and repair.

If the vehicle will not start, use caution and follow instructions in the owner's manual when attempting a jump-start. If unsure about the proper procedure, call your auto club or another qualified professional for assistance.

To help avoid winter breakdowns motorists should have their cars and trucks thoroughly inspected before cold weather arrives. In addition to the battery, fluids, belts, hoses, filters and tires should all be checked.

Because of the difficult driving conditions often encountered in the winter, motorists should also be sure their lighting systems, brakes and windshield wipers are functioning properly.